AFRICAN LITERATURE
Study Guide
LITERATURE
Articles
GENRES (Poetry - Drama - Fiction - Autobiography - Essay) PERIODS (Postclassical - E Modern - 19th Century - 20th Century)
Literary Works
AFRICAN FRANCOPHONE NOVELISTS
Algeria• Boudjedra, Rachid, La Répudiation (1969) (The Repudiation) • Bouraoui, Nina, La Voyeuse interdite (1991) (Forbidden Vision) • Daoud, Kamel, Meursault, contre-enquête (2013) (The Meursault Investigation) • Dib, Mohamed, La Grande Maison (1952) (The Big House) • Djebar, Assia, Les Enfants du nouveau monde (1962) (Children of the New World), L’Amour, la fantasia (1985) (Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade) • Haddad, Malek, Le Quai aux fleurs ne répond plus (1961) (The Flower Quay No Longer Answers) • Khadra, Yasmina, Les Hirondelles de Kaboul (2002) (The Swallows of Kabul), L’Attentat (2005) (The Attack) • Sansal, Boualem, Le Village de l’Allemand (2008) (The German Mujahid) • Yacine, Kateb, Nedjma (1956) (Nedjma)
Burkina Faso• Bazié, Jacques Prosper, Le Cri du silence (1992) (The Cry of Silence) • Boni, Nazi, Crépuscule des temps anciens (1962) (Twilight of the Ancient Times) • Ilboudo, Monique, Le Mal de peau (1992) (Skin Pain) • Ilboudo, Pierre-Claver, Le Procès du cochon (1998) (The Trial of the Pig) • Nikiema, Roger, Le Sang des masques (1980) (Blood of the Masks) • Zongo, Norbert, Rougbêinga (1983) (Rougbêinga, no English translation), Le Parachutage (1990) (The Parachuting, no English translation)
Cameroon• Bebey, Francis, Le Roi Albert d’Effidi (1994) (King Albert of Effidi) • Beti, Mongo, Le Pauvre Christ de Bomba (1956) (The Poor Christ of Bomba) • Liking, Werewere, Elle sera de jaspe et de corail (1983) (It Shall Be of Jasper and Coral) • Nganang, Patrice, Temps de chien (2001) (Dog Days) • Oyono, Ferdinand, HOUSEBOY / Une vie de boy (1956) • Philombe, René, Un Sorcier blanc à Zangali (1973) (A White Sorcerer in Zangali)
Chad• Brahim Seid, Joseph, Un enfant du Tchad (1967) (A Child of Chad)• Nimrod, Le Départ (1999) (The Departure)
Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville)• Lopes, Henri, Le Pleurer-rire (1982) (The Laughing Cry) • Menga, Guy, La Palabre stérile (1972) (The Sterile Palaver) • Sony Labou Tansi, La Vie et demie (1979) (Life and a Half) • Tati Loutard, Jean-Baptiste, Le Récit de la nuit (1987) (The Tale of the Night)• Tchicaya U Tam’si, Le Ventre (1956) (The Belly) Democratic Republic of the Congo• Dongala, Emmanuel, Le Feu des origines (1987) (The Fire of Origins) • Miano, Léonora, Contours du jour qui vient (2006) (Contours of the Day That Comes) • Mudimbe, V. Y., BETWEEN THE WATERS / Entre les eaux (1973)-RIFT / L’Ecart (1979)• Ngandu Nkashama, Pius, La Mort faite homme (1986) (Death Made Man)
Djibouti• Mohamed Robleh, Aïcha, La Dévoilée (1999) (The Unveiled Woman) • Waberi, Abdourahman, Balbala (1998) (Balbala), Aux États-Unis d’Afrique (2006) (In the United States of Africa)
Gabon• Bessora, 53 cm (1999) (53 cm) • Mintsa, Justine, Histoire d’Awu (2000) (Awu’s Story) • Rawiri, Georges, La Coupe du roi (1983) (The King’s Cup)
Guinea• Laye, Camara, L’Enfant noir (1953) (The Dark Child), Le Regard du roi (1954) (The Radiance of the King) • Monénembo, Tierno, Les Crapauds-brousse (1979) (The Bush Toads), Le Roi de Kahel (2008) (The King of Kahel) • Sassine, Williams, Le Jeune homme de sable (1979) (The Sand Young Man, no English translation)
Ivory Coast• Adiaffi, Jean-Marie, La Carte d’identité (1980) (The Identity Card) • Diallo, Aly, La Fin du voyage (1985) (The End of the Journey) • Dadié, Bernard Binlin, Climbié (1952), Un Nègre à Paris (1959) (A Negro in Paris), Patron de New York (1964) (Boss of New York) • Koné, Amadou, Les Frasques d’Ébinto (1979) (Ebinto’s Escapades) • Kourouma, Ahmadou, Les Soleils des indépendances (1968) (The Suns of Independence), Allah n’est pas obligé (2000) (Allah Is Not Obliged) • Loba, Aké, Kocoumbo, l’étudiant noir (1960) (Kocoumbo, the Black Student) • Tadjo, Véronique, L’Ombre d’Imana (2000) (The Shadow of Imana), Reine Pokou (2004) (Queen Pokou) • Yaou, Regina, La Citadine (1985) (The City Woman), La Révolte d’Affiba (1999) (Affiba’s Revolt, Les Coups de la vie (2005) (The Blows of Life)
Comoros• Hatubou, Salim, Les Fils du soleil (1994) (Sons of the Sun) • Toihiri, Mohamed, La République des Imberbes (1985) (The Republic of the Beardless)
Madagascar• Rabearivelo, Jean-Joseph, L’Aube rouge (1930) (Red Dawn) • Raharimanana, Jean-Luc, Nour, 1947 (2001) (Nour, 1947) • Rakotoson, Michèle, Elle, au printemps (1996) (She, in Spring)
Mali• Bâ, Amadou Hampâté, L’Étrange destin de Wangrin (1973) (The Fortunes of Wangrin) • Ouologuem, Yambo, Le Devoir de violence (1968) (Bound to Violence) • Sissoko, Fily Dabo, La Passion de Djimé (1954) (The Passion of Djimé)
Morocco• Ben Jelloun, Tahar, L’Enfant de sable (1985) (The Sand Child), La Nuit sacrée (1987) (The Sacred Night) • Chraïbi, Driss, Le Passé simple (1954) (The Simple Past) • Laâbi, Abdellatif, Le Fond de la jarre (2002) (The Bottom of the Jar) • Slimani, Leïla, Dans le jardin de l’ogre (2014) (Adèle)
Mauritius• De Souza, Carl, Les Jours Kaya (2000) (Kaya Days) • Devi, Ananda, Eve de ses décombres (2006) (Eve Out of Her Ruins) • Le Clézio, J. M. G., Le Chercheur d’or (1985) (The Prospector)
Niger• Mamani, Abdoulaye, Sarrounia (1980) (Sarrounia: The Queen of the Azna) • Oumarou, Idé, Le Représentant (1974) (The Representative)
Senegal• Bâ, Mariama, SO LONG A LETTER / Une si longue lettre (1979) • Diome, Fatou, Le Ventre de l’Atlantique (2003) (The Belly of the Atlantic) • Diop, Boubacar Boris, Murambi, le livre des ossements (2000) (Murambi: The Book of Bones) • Kane, Cheikh Hamidou, L’Aventure ambiguë (1961) (Ambiguous Adventure) • Sadji, Abdoulaye, Nini, mulâtresse du Sénégal (1947) (Nini, Mulatto Girl of Senegal, no English translation) • Sembène, Ousmane, Les Bouts de bois de Dieu (1960) (God’s Bits of Wood) • Sow Fall, Aminata, La Grève des bàttu (1979) (The Beggars’ Strike), L’Appel des arènes (1982) (The Call of the Arenas)
Tunisia• Béji, Hélé, L’Oeil du jour (1985) (The Eye of the Day) • Memmi, Albert, La Statue de sel (1953) (The Pillar of Salt) • Mellah, Fawzi, Le Chant du roi (1990) (The King’s Song)
AFRICAN ANGLOPHONE NOVELISTS KENYA
Ngugi wa Thiong’o(1938- ) GRAIN OF WHEAT, A(1967)-WIZARD OF THE CROW(2004)
LESOTHO
Mofolo, Thomas(1876-1948) CHAKA(1925)
NIGERIA
Tutuola, Amos(1920-1997) PALM-WINE DRINKARD(1952)Achebe, Chinua(1930-2013) THINGS FALL APART(1958)Amadi, Elechi(1934-2016) CONCUBINE(1966)Soyinka, Wole(1934- ) DEATH AND THE KING’S HORSEMAN(1975)Emecheta, Buchi(1944-2017) BRIDE PRICE(1976)
SENEGAL
Sembene, Ousmane(1923-2007) XALA(1973)
SOUTH AFRICA
Schreiner, Olive(1855-1920) STORY OF AN AFRICAN FARM(1883)Paton, Alan(1903-1988) CRY, THE BELOVED COUNTRY(1948)Renault, Mary(1905-1983) LAST OF THE WINE(1956)Gordimer, Nadine(1923-2014) CONSERVATIONIST(1974)-JULY’S PEOPLE(1981)Fugard, Athol(1932- ) ‘‘MASTER HAROLD” ... AND THE BOYS(1932)Head, Bessi(1937-1986) WHEN RAIN CLOUDS GATHER(1968)Coetzee, J. M.(1940- ) WAITING FOR THE BARBARIANS(1980)-LIFE AND TIMES OF MICHAEL K(1983)-DISGRACE(1999)
ZIMBABWE
Lessing, Doris(1919-2013) GOLDEN NOTEBOOK (1962)-FIFTH CHILD(1988)
GENRES (Poetry - Drama - Fiction - Autobiography - Essay) PERIODS (Postclassical - E Modern - 19th Century - 20th Century)
Literary Works
AFRICAN FRANCOPHONE NOVELISTS
Algeria• Boudjedra, Rachid, La Répudiation (1969) (The Repudiation) • Bouraoui, Nina, La Voyeuse interdite (1991) (Forbidden Vision) • Daoud, Kamel, Meursault, contre-enquête (2013) (The Meursault Investigation) • Dib, Mohamed, La Grande Maison (1952) (The Big House) • Djebar, Assia, Les Enfants du nouveau monde (1962) (Children of the New World), L’Amour, la fantasia (1985) (Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade) • Haddad, Malek, Le Quai aux fleurs ne répond plus (1961) (The Flower Quay No Longer Answers) • Khadra, Yasmina, Les Hirondelles de Kaboul (2002) (The Swallows of Kabul), L’Attentat (2005) (The Attack) • Sansal, Boualem, Le Village de l’Allemand (2008) (The German Mujahid) • Yacine, Kateb, Nedjma (1956) (Nedjma)
Burkina Faso• Bazié, Jacques Prosper, Le Cri du silence (1992) (The Cry of Silence) • Boni, Nazi, Crépuscule des temps anciens (1962) (Twilight of the Ancient Times) • Ilboudo, Monique, Le Mal de peau (1992) (Skin Pain) • Ilboudo, Pierre-Claver, Le Procès du cochon (1998) (The Trial of the Pig) • Nikiema, Roger, Le Sang des masques (1980) (Blood of the Masks) • Zongo, Norbert, Rougbêinga (1983) (Rougbêinga, no English translation), Le Parachutage (1990) (The Parachuting, no English translation)
Cameroon• Bebey, Francis, Le Roi Albert d’Effidi (1994) (King Albert of Effidi) • Beti, Mongo, Le Pauvre Christ de Bomba (1956) (The Poor Christ of Bomba) • Liking, Werewere, Elle sera de jaspe et de corail (1983) (It Shall Be of Jasper and Coral) • Nganang, Patrice, Temps de chien (2001) (Dog Days) • Oyono, Ferdinand, HOUSEBOY / Une vie de boy (1956) • Philombe, René, Un Sorcier blanc à Zangali (1973) (A White Sorcerer in Zangali)
Chad• Brahim Seid, Joseph, Un enfant du Tchad (1967) (A Child of Chad)• Nimrod, Le Départ (1999) (The Departure)
Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville)• Lopes, Henri, Le Pleurer-rire (1982) (The Laughing Cry) • Menga, Guy, La Palabre stérile (1972) (The Sterile Palaver) • Sony Labou Tansi, La Vie et demie (1979) (Life and a Half) • Tati Loutard, Jean-Baptiste, Le Récit de la nuit (1987) (The Tale of the Night)• Tchicaya U Tam’si, Le Ventre (1956) (The Belly) Democratic Republic of the Congo• Dongala, Emmanuel, Le Feu des origines (1987) (The Fire of Origins) • Miano, Léonora, Contours du jour qui vient (2006) (Contours of the Day That Comes) • Mudimbe, V. Y., BETWEEN THE WATERS / Entre les eaux (1973)-RIFT / L’Ecart (1979)• Ngandu Nkashama, Pius, La Mort faite homme (1986) (Death Made Man)
Djibouti• Mohamed Robleh, Aïcha, La Dévoilée (1999) (The Unveiled Woman) • Waberi, Abdourahman, Balbala (1998) (Balbala), Aux États-Unis d’Afrique (2006) (In the United States of Africa)
Gabon• Bessora, 53 cm (1999) (53 cm) • Mintsa, Justine, Histoire d’Awu (2000) (Awu’s Story) • Rawiri, Georges, La Coupe du roi (1983) (The King’s Cup)
Guinea• Laye, Camara, L’Enfant noir (1953) (The Dark Child), Le Regard du roi (1954) (The Radiance of the King) • Monénembo, Tierno, Les Crapauds-brousse (1979) (The Bush Toads), Le Roi de Kahel (2008) (The King of Kahel) • Sassine, Williams, Le Jeune homme de sable (1979) (The Sand Young Man, no English translation)
Ivory Coast• Adiaffi, Jean-Marie, La Carte d’identité (1980) (The Identity Card) • Diallo, Aly, La Fin du voyage (1985) (The End of the Journey) • Dadié, Bernard Binlin, Climbié (1952), Un Nègre à Paris (1959) (A Negro in Paris), Patron de New York (1964) (Boss of New York) • Koné, Amadou, Les Frasques d’Ébinto (1979) (Ebinto’s Escapades) • Kourouma, Ahmadou, Les Soleils des indépendances (1968) (The Suns of Independence), Allah n’est pas obligé (2000) (Allah Is Not Obliged) • Loba, Aké, Kocoumbo, l’étudiant noir (1960) (Kocoumbo, the Black Student) • Tadjo, Véronique, L’Ombre d’Imana (2000) (The Shadow of Imana), Reine Pokou (2004) (Queen Pokou) • Yaou, Regina, La Citadine (1985) (The City Woman), La Révolte d’Affiba (1999) (Affiba’s Revolt, Les Coups de la vie (2005) (The Blows of Life)
Comoros• Hatubou, Salim, Les Fils du soleil (1994) (Sons of the Sun) • Toihiri, Mohamed, La République des Imberbes (1985) (The Republic of the Beardless)
Madagascar• Rabearivelo, Jean-Joseph, L’Aube rouge (1930) (Red Dawn) • Raharimanana, Jean-Luc, Nour, 1947 (2001) (Nour, 1947) • Rakotoson, Michèle, Elle, au printemps (1996) (She, in Spring)
Mali• Bâ, Amadou Hampâté, L’Étrange destin de Wangrin (1973) (The Fortunes of Wangrin) • Ouologuem, Yambo, Le Devoir de violence (1968) (Bound to Violence) • Sissoko, Fily Dabo, La Passion de Djimé (1954) (The Passion of Djimé)
Morocco• Ben Jelloun, Tahar, L’Enfant de sable (1985) (The Sand Child), La Nuit sacrée (1987) (The Sacred Night) • Chraïbi, Driss, Le Passé simple (1954) (The Simple Past) • Laâbi, Abdellatif, Le Fond de la jarre (2002) (The Bottom of the Jar) • Slimani, Leïla, Dans le jardin de l’ogre (2014) (Adèle)
Mauritius• De Souza, Carl, Les Jours Kaya (2000) (Kaya Days) • Devi, Ananda, Eve de ses décombres (2006) (Eve Out of Her Ruins) • Le Clézio, J. M. G., Le Chercheur d’or (1985) (The Prospector)
Niger• Mamani, Abdoulaye, Sarrounia (1980) (Sarrounia: The Queen of the Azna) • Oumarou, Idé, Le Représentant (1974) (The Representative)
Senegal• Bâ, Mariama, SO LONG A LETTER / Une si longue lettre (1979) • Diome, Fatou, Le Ventre de l’Atlantique (2003) (The Belly of the Atlantic) • Diop, Boubacar Boris, Murambi, le livre des ossements (2000) (Murambi: The Book of Bones) • Kane, Cheikh Hamidou, L’Aventure ambiguë (1961) (Ambiguous Adventure) • Sadji, Abdoulaye, Nini, mulâtresse du Sénégal (1947) (Nini, Mulatto Girl of Senegal, no English translation) • Sembène, Ousmane, Les Bouts de bois de Dieu (1960) (God’s Bits of Wood) • Sow Fall, Aminata, La Grève des bàttu (1979) (The Beggars’ Strike), L’Appel des arènes (1982) (The Call of the Arenas)
Tunisia• Béji, Hélé, L’Oeil du jour (1985) (The Eye of the Day) • Memmi, Albert, La Statue de sel (1953) (The Pillar of Salt) • Mellah, Fawzi, Le Chant du roi (1990) (The King’s Song)
AFRICAN ANGLOPHONE NOVELISTS KENYA
Ngugi wa Thiong’o(1938- ) GRAIN OF WHEAT, A(1967)-WIZARD OF THE CROW(2004)
LESOTHO
Mofolo, Thomas(1876-1948) CHAKA(1925)
NIGERIA
Tutuola, Amos(1920-1997) PALM-WINE DRINKARD(1952)Achebe, Chinua(1930-2013) THINGS FALL APART(1958)Amadi, Elechi(1934-2016) CONCUBINE(1966)Soyinka, Wole(1934- ) DEATH AND THE KING’S HORSEMAN(1975)Emecheta, Buchi(1944-2017) BRIDE PRICE(1976)
SENEGAL
Sembene, Ousmane(1923-2007) XALA(1973)
SOUTH AFRICA
Schreiner, Olive(1855-1920) STORY OF AN AFRICAN FARM(1883)Paton, Alan(1903-1988) CRY, THE BELOVED COUNTRY(1948)Renault, Mary(1905-1983) LAST OF THE WINE(1956)Gordimer, Nadine(1923-2014) CONSERVATIONIST(1974)-JULY’S PEOPLE(1981)Fugard, Athol(1932- ) ‘‘MASTER HAROLD” ... AND THE BOYS(1932)Head, Bessi(1937-1986) WHEN RAIN CLOUDS GATHER(1968)Coetzee, J. M.(1940- ) WAITING FOR THE BARBARIANS(1980)-LIFE AND TIMES OF MICHAEL K(1983)-DISGRACE(1999)
ZIMBABWE
Lessing, Doris(1919-2013) GOLDEN NOTEBOOK (1962)-FIFTH CHILD(1988)